Readings: Students must do all the core readings, and there will be cold calls in class. You are also encouraged to read widely for the course and bring in additional insights from beyond the course list.
You may also want to subscribe to the following newsletters to read more on this topic:
Course Sessions and Readings
Please note that this syllabus might be adapted throughout the semester and according to the availability of guest speakers.
Session 1 Introduction to Transnational Advocacy
Aim | What is transnational advocacy? Why is studying transnational advocacy important? |
Required Readings | Chenoweth, Erica, Austin Choi-Fitzpatrick, Jeremy Pressman, Felix Santos, and Jay Ulfelder, “The Global Pandemic Has Spawned New Forms of Activism—And They’re Flourishing,” The Guardian, April 20, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/20/the-global-pandemic-has-spawned-new-forms-of-activism-and-theyre-flourishing Featherstone, David. 2012. “Solidarity: theorizing a transformative political relation”, Chapter One in Solidarity: Hidden Histories and Geographies of Internationalism. Zed Books: London, pp.15-39. Price, Richard. 2003. Transnational Civil Society and Advocacy in World Politics. World Politics, 55(4), 579–606. Green, Duncan. 2016. ‘The Power of Advocacy’ Chapter 11 in How Change Happens, 2016, pp. 212 – 232. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198785392.001.0001 |
Recommended Readings | Chenoweth, Erica. 2019. “Can nonviolent resistance survive COVID-19?”, Journal of Human Rights, p. 304 – 316. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14754835.2022.2077085 Rose, Chris. 2010. ‘Introduction’, How to Win Campaigns, Communications for Change, Earthscan: Abingdon, pp. 1- 12. Alexander de Waal, ‘Genealogies of Transnational Activism’, in Advocacy in Conflict, Zed Books: Croydon, 2015. pp. 18 – 44. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fjhu%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D2041738 Chotiner, Isaac interview with BLM co-founded Opal Tometi. 2020. “A Black Lives Co-Founder Explains why this time is Different”, New Yorker 3 June 2020 https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/a-black-lives-matter-co-founder-explains-why-this-time-is-different |
Session 2* (reading summary required) The History and Influence of Transnational Advocacy
Aim | Why do activists form transnational networks? When do international alliances help and when do they hinder? |
Required Readings | Margret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Introduction in Activists Beyond Borders. Cornell, Cornell University Press. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7591%2Fj.ctt5hh13f Joshua W. Busby. 2010. Chapter 1 – States of Grace, in Moral Movements and Foreign Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chaudhry, S. (2022). The Assault on Civil Society: Explaining State Crackdown on NGOs. International Organization, 1–42. May Miller Dawkins (2017), Understanding Activism, Rhize and the Atlantic Council: Washington D.C. *Look back at last week’s readings, especially Featherstone. |
Recommended Readings | Martha Finnemore, and Kathryn Sikkink (1998). International Norm Dynamics and Political Change, International Organization, vol. 52(4), p. 887-917. Michael Silberman (2019), What advocacy organizations need to win today”, MobLab. |
Session 3* (Reading Summary Week)
Anarchist Activists, Lone-Wolves, Organizers and Mobilisers
Aim | What is the difference between being a lone-wolf, a mobiliser and an organizer?
How can organizations develop better activists? |
Required Readings | Han, Hahrie. 2014. ‘Introduction’, How Organizations Develop Activists: Civic Associations and Leadership in the 21st century, Oxford University Press: Oxford, pp. 1 – 28. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199336760.001.0001 Graeber, David. 2009. ‘Some notes on “Activist Culture”’, Chapter Six in Direct Action: An Ethnography. AK Press: Oakland. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fjhu%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D729351 Astra Taylor. 2020. “David Graber 1961 – 2020”. The New York Review of Books. |
Recommended Readings | Eilstrup‐Sangiovanni, M., & Sharman, J. C. (2022). Introduction in Vigilantes beyond Borders. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv1x67d9w
Sara El-Amine, “Lesson 5: What is Organizing”, Resistance School https://leadingchangenetwork.org/resource_center/how-to-mobilize-and-organize-resistance-school-course-videos/#Lesson_5_What_is_Organizing Saul Alinsky (1971), Rules for Radicals, Vintage: New York. Camahort Page, Elisa, Gerin, Carolyn and Jamia Wilson. 2018. Road Map for Revolutionaries. Penguin Books. pp 143-150 |
Session 4* (Reading Summary week) The Global Right Wing & Moral Conservative Resistance
Guest Lecture: Kristina Stoeckl, Professor of Sociology at LUISS
Aim | Who resists norm change, why and how? To what extent does advocacy on the right and left of the political spectrum differ? |
Required Readings | Ayoub, P., & Stoeckl, K. (2023). The double-helix entanglements of transnational advocacy: Moral conservative resistance to LGBTI rights. Review of International Studies, 1-23. doi:10.1017/S0260210523000530
Bob, C. 2012. Chapter 2 and 3 in The Global Right Wing and the Clash of World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2FJHU.eblib.com%2Fpatron%2FFullRecord.aspx%3Fp%3D833375
Sumi Somaskanda (2016) “Identitarian movement - Germany's 'new right' hipsters”, Deutsche Welle, available at http://www.dw.com/en/identitarian-movement-germanys-new-right-hipsters/a-39383124 Erica Chenoweth, Lara Putnam, Tommy Leung, Jeremy Pressman, and Nathan Perkins, “Media Coverage Has Blown Anti-Lockdown Protests Out of Proportion,” Vox, May 10, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/5/10/21252583/coronavirus-lockdown-protests-media-trump |
Recommended Readings | Skocpol, T., & Williamson, V. (2012). Chapter One in The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism. Oxford University Press, USA. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aosobl%2F9780199832637.001.0001 Fisher, Dana. 2019. American Resistance, Columbia: Columbia University Press (Chapter One and Two). Also online http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fjhu%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D5760249 Hall, Nina. “Norm Contestation in the Digital Era, Campaigning for Refugees Rights” International Affairs, 95 (3), May 2019.
Bloomfield, A. 2016. Norm anti-preneurs and theorising resistance to normative change. Review of International Studies, 42(2), 310–333.
Teles, Stephen. 2008. Conclusion in The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement, Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp.265 - 282. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fjhu%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D5675277
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Session 5 Discussion of Activists Book Reviews
Aim | In this class you will discuss your book review. Please be prepared to summarise three key lessons you learned about activism from the book. |
Session 6 Visit to Làbas, Vicolo Bolognetti 2
**Please come prepared to discuss Làbas's work and history.**
Readings
Làbas website
Spatial Agency: Centri Sociali
Partispace, "Social Centres as Spaces of Participation, Làbas", Zero Bologna.
Papa, Salvatore. (2022) "Dieci anni di Làbas, oltre gli schemi classici del “centro socialismo" (either read the Italian or translate!).
Lucia Bertoldini (2023), Bologna si oppone all'apertura di nuovi CPR, mostrando possibili alternative, Scomodo. (either read the Italian or translate!).
Putnam, Robert D. et al, 1993. "Explaining Institutional Performance", Chapter Four in Making Democracy Work, Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, pp.83 - 120. Also online: https://www-jstor-org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stable/j.ctt7s8r7.
Session 7 Strategizing and Planning a Campaign
Aim | How do you develop a campaign plan? Who do you target and how? What is a ‘theory of change’? |
Required Readings | GetUp! A Guide to Power Mapping, available at http://cdn.getup.org.au/1529-Power_Mapping_-_changed_graphic.pdf Green, Duncan. ‘Power lies at the heart of social change’, How Change Happens, Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2016. p.28 – 46. Also online http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198785392.001.0001 Watch: Jessie Ulibarri, “Lesson 8: Power-Mapping and Identifying Targets for Organizing”, Resistance School https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBOvqNouaUw (and take a look at the other classes by Jessie on Theory of Change)
NPC. 2014. “Creating your Theory of Change”, (p.5 – 14) https://www.thinknpc.org/resource-hub/creating-your-theory-of-change-npcs-practical-guide/ |
Additional Readings | Bond, Becky and Zack Exeley. 2016. Rules for Revolutionaries, Chelsea Green Publishing, White River Junction. Chris Rose. 2010. ‘Chapter Five – Campaign Plans’, How to Win Campaigns, Communications for Change, Earthscan: Abingdon, pp. 121 - 143. Chris Rose, “48 Campaign Strategies” http://threeworlds.campaignstrategy.org/?p=957 for some innovative campaign tactics. May Miller-Dawkins. 2014. ‘9 Ways to Change the World?’, A Corelab Briefing, CoreLab: New York, pp. 1 – 34. https://www.theoryofchange.org/2014/03/28/corelab/ Mobilisation Lab, “10 Ways People Power Can Change the World” https://mobilisationlab.org/resources/10-ways-people-power-can-change-the-world/ |
Session 8 - Measuring Success and Impact
Aim | How can we evaluate success in advocacy? What are the best metrics for measuring advocacy impacts? Do protests work? |
Required Readings | Chenoweth, Erica and Maria Stephan. 2011. Why Civil Resistance Works, The Strategic Logic of Non-Violent Conflict, Columbia: Columbia University Press. (Introduction and Chapter 1, pp. 1 – 61) Also online: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/jhu/detail.action?docID=908815 Kopf, David. 2017. “A Harvard study identified the precise reason protests are an effective way to cause political change“, Quartz https://qz.com/901411/political-protests-are-effective-but-not-for-the-reason-you-think/ (and take a look at the original study here: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/publications/do-political-protests-matter-evidence-tea-party-movement ) Mobilisation Lab, Beyond Vanity Metrics: Toward better measurement of member engagement, available at https://mobilisationlab.org/resources/beyond-vanity-metrics-toward-better-measurement-of-member-engagement/ Moving Beyond Vanity Metrics https://ssir.org/articles/entry/moving_beyond_vanity_metrics Mitchell, George; Hans Peter Schmitz, and Tosca Bruno-van Vijfeijken, "Measurement", Ch 7 in Between Power and Irrelevance, Oxford; Oxford University Press (pp. 127 - 151). Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190084714.001.0001
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Recommended Readings | Jason Mogus and Tom Liacas. 2016. Networked Change, How Progressive Campaigns are Won in the 21st Century. A Net Change Consulting Report. http://netchange.co/report Price, R., & Sikkink, K. (2021). International Norms, Moral Psychology, and Neuroscience. Cambridge University Press. Available online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%2F9781108966610 Amy Pollard, and Julius Court. 2005. How Civil Society Organisations Use Evidence to Influence Policy Processes: A literature review London: ODI. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/22707/wp249.pdf Somvichian-Clausen, Austa. 2020. “What the 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests have achieved so far”, The Hill, Changing America https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/equality/502121-what-the-2020-black-lives-matter-protests-have-achieved-so Tallberg, Jonas. Lisa M. Dellmuth, Hans Agné, et al. 2015. "NGO Influence in International Organizations: Information, Access and Exchange." British Journal of Political Science: 1-26. Yale Institute for Social and Policy Studies (ISPS), Lessons from GOTV experiments, available at https://isps.yale.edu/node/16698 |
Session 9 - Visit to Cassero - LGBTQIA+ Center (March 27)
Il Cassero LGBTQIA+ center è il comitato provinciale Arcigay di Bologna, un circolo politico impegnato da oltre 40 anni nel riconoscimento dei diritti delle persone LGBTQIA+ in Bologna.
https://cassero.it/
*We will meet directly at Cassero, Via Don Minzoni 18, 40121 Bologna**
Readings
Cassero website: https://cassero.it/
Cassero history: https://cassero.it/chi-siamo/
Centro di Documentazione: http://new.archivisti2016.it/adesioni/item/535-centro-di-documentazione-flavia-madaschi-cassero-lgbt-center
Putnam, Robert D. et al. 1993. "Tracing the Roots of the Civic Community", Chapter Five in Making Democracy Work, Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, pp.121 - 162. Also online: https://www-jstor-org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stable/j.ctt7s8r7.
**No class April 3rd, closed for Easter Break*
Session 10 - Climate Change and Environmental Advocacy
Aim | What new strategies and tactics are climate activists using today? How successful are they?
What the limitations of, and tensions within, the climate movement?
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Required Readings | Hadden, Jennifer. 2015. Networks in Contention, The Divisive Politics of Climate Change. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. (Introduction and Chapter One). Also online http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%2FCBO9781316105542
Hall, Nina. 2022. “Mobilizing for Climate Action” Chapter Seven in Transnational Advocacy in the Digital Era, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198858744.001.0001
Josette, Natasha. 2019. “People of colour are the most impacted by climate change, yet Extinction Rebellion is erasing them from the conversation”, The Independent, Sunday 21 April 2019. https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/extinction-rebellion-arrests-london-protests-climate-change-people-of-colour-global[1]south-a8879846.html Kaplan, Sarah. 2020. “The Foot Soldiers of the New Environmental Movement.” Washington Post, April 20, 2020. Wapner, Paul. 1995. “Politics Beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics.” World Politics 47 (3): 311–40. |
Recommended Readings | Blondeel, Mathieu, Jeff Colgan, and Thijs Van de Graaf. 2019. “What Drives Norm Success? Evidence from Anti–Fossil Fuel Campaigns.” Global Environmental Politics 19 (4): 63–84. Fisher, Dana. 2019. “The Broader Importance of #FridaysForFuture.” Nature Climate Change 9 (6): 430–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0484-y Moor, Joost de. 2020. “Alternative Globalities? Climatization Processes and the Climate Movement beyond COPs.” International Politics. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057%2Fs41311-020-00222-y Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò. 2022. "What's Next?" Chapter Five in Reconsidering Reparations, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Available online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197508893.001.0001 Shiels, Juile. 2019. “Extinction Rebellion: how to craft a protest brand”, The Conversation, October 6, 2019, https://theconversation.com/extinction-rebellion-how[1]to-craft-a-protest-brand-123084 Te Ara Whatu, Indigneous Rights in Climate Action (New Zealand) https://www.facebook.com/tearawhatu/ |
**Friday 19 April - Workshop on Opportunities and Challenges for Climate Action in Italy**
Please attend at least one session of the workshop.
**Monday 22 April @ 18.30 (BIPR seminar) - Anita Gohdes on Digital Repression**
Anita Gohdes is Professor of International and Cyber Security at the Hertie School in Berlin. Previously, I was Assistant Professor of International Relations at the University of Zurich, and postdoctoral research fellow at the Belfer Center and the Women and Public Policy Program in the Harvard Kennedy School. Her research focuses on the intersection of technology and security, as well as the measurement of political violence. Herrecently published book is titled Repression in the Digital Age: Surveillance, Censorship, and the Dynamics of State Violence and theoretically and empirically investigates how governments use cyber controls to support their strategies of violent repression.
Class 11 - Advocacy in the Digital Era
Aim | How do advocacy organizations use digital technologies to influence? What distinct forms of advocacy are we seeing in the digital era? What are the critiques and limitations of these forms? |
Required Readings | Schradie, Jen. 2019. “Preface and Introduction“, The Revolution that Wasn’t, How Digital Activism Favors Conservatives, Harvard University Press: Harvard. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fjhu%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D5751781 Karpf, David. 2012. “The MoveOn Effect: Disruptive Innovation in the Interest Group Ecology of American Politics” – Chapter 2 from The MoveOn Effect: The Unexpected Transformation of American Political Advocacy, Oxford University Press: Oxford. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199898367.001.0001 Hall, Nina. 2022. “The Power of Digital Advocacy Organizations” Chapter Two in Transnational Advocacy in the Digital Era, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198858744.001.0001 Gladwell, Malcolm. 2010. ‘Small Change, Why the Revolution will not be tweeted’ New Yorker, October 4 2010. available at: https://www.proquest.com/magazines/small-change/docview/756327146/se-2
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Additional Readings | Brandzel, Ben. 2010 ‘What Malcolm Gladwell Missed About Online Organizing and Creating Big Change’, The Nation, November 15, 2010. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/what-malcolm-gladwell-missed-about-online-organizing-and-creating-big-change/ Heimans, J., & Timms, H. (2014). Understanding “New Power.” Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2014/12/understanding-new-power (you can also read Heiman’s book “New Power”) Owen, Taylor. 2016. Disruptive Power, The Crisis of the State in the Digital Age. New York: Oxford University Press. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199363865.001.0001 Hall, Nina, Hans Schmitz, and Michael Dedmon. 2020. “Transnational Advocacy and NGOs in the Digital Era: New Forms of Networked Power”, International Studies Quarterly, 64 (1), pp. 159 – 167. White, Micah. 2010. ‘Clicktivism is ruining leftist activism’. The Guardian. 12 August 2010 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/aug/12/clicktivism-ruining-leftist-activism |
Session 12 - A Global Sisterhood? Feminist Solidarities and Intersectionality
Aim | When has the women’s movement been successful and why?
What forms of transnational solidarity have we seen in the global women’s movement?? |
Required Readings | Cep, Casey. “The Imperfect Unfinished World of Women’s Suffrage”, New Yorker, July 1 2019. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/08/the-imperfect-unfinished-work-of-womens-suffrage Nyabola, N. 2018. “Women at Work: Kenyan feminist organising on social media” Chapter 7 in Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics: How the Internet Era is Transforming Kenya. Zed Books. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5040%2F9781350219656%3Flocatt%3Dlabel%3Asecondary_bloomsburyCollections Solnit, Rebecca. 2022. “Women’s Rights have suffered a grim setback. But history is still on our side”, The Guardian, 3 July 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jul/03/abortion-roe-v-wade-womens-rights-rebecca-solnit?CMP=share_btn_link Sundstrom, L. M. 2005. “Foreign Assistance, International Norms, and NGO Development: Lessons from the Russian Campaign” International Organization, 592(2), 419–449. Duff, Michelle. “How Women are Being Weaponized by the Freedom Movement”, Stuff News, July 2022 https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300621092/how-women-are-being-weaponised-by-the-freedom-movement |
Recommended Readings | bell hooks. 2000. where we stand: class matters. Routledge: New York. Davis, Angela. 2016. Freedom is a Constant Struggle, Haymarket Books, 2016. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2FJHU.eblib.com%2Fpatron%2FFullRecord.aspx%3Fp%3D4351308 Hall, Nina and Jacqui True, ‘Gender Mainstreaming in a Post-Conflict State: Toward a Democratic Peace in Timor-Leste’,
Katrina Lee-Koo and Bina D’Costa eds, Gender and Global Politics in the Asia-Pacific, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. |
Class 13 Concluding Class
Presentation of final research essay topics. You will be required to have a research question, overview and bibliography for this class. Be prepared to discuss your proposed topic in class.
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*Examples of Books to Read and Review*
Angelica Balabanoff, My Life as a Rebel, Reviewing the Autobiography of Angelica Balabanoff
Marjory Stoneman Douglas, Voice of the River
Janet Biehl, Ecology or Catastrophe: The Life of Murray Bookchin
Audre Lorde, Sister Outsider
Jose Antonio Vargas, Dear America – Notes of an Undocumented Citizen
Siddharth Kara, Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Day Slavery
Elizabeth Rush, Rising: Dispatches from the new American Shore. Also online: http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fjhu%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D6743445
Edward Snowden, Permanent Record
Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom
Chinua Achebe, There was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra.
Manal al-Sharif, Daring to Drive
Patrisse Khan-Cullors and Asha Bandele, When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir
Wangari Maathai, Unbowed
Maria Alyokhina, Riot Days
Rigoberta Menchu, I, Rigoberta Menchu
William Souder, On a Farther Shore: The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson
Malalai Joya, Raising my Voice
Nadia Murad, The last girl
Eleanor Roosevelt, Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt.
Beehrouz Boochani, No Friend but the Mountains